The Kalingas are the indigenous people of the Kalinga area of the Cordilleras, the Philippines. Among the Kalingas there is a strong sense of tribal membership and filial loyalty results in frequent tribal unrest and theoccasional outright war with neigbhoring tribes. Due to the mountainous terrain and warrior culture of the people, the Kalingas have been able to maintain their culture despite the occupation of the Spanish, Japanese and Americans.